Abstract

Aloe vera has a long history of use, and its implementation often involves specific cultivation, harvesting, and processing methods, mainly located in Central America. The selected leaves are manually processed, and the insoluble part of the aloe gel is separated and lyophilized.

The leaves of the aloe vera plant are typically harvested when they reach maturity. Harvesting is often done manually to ensure careful handling of the leaves.

After harvesting, the outer rind of the aloe vera leaf is removed to access the inner gel. The gel is rich in various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, and enzymes.

Aloe Vera can reduce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the context of maintaining a healthy balance between prostaglandins, specifically PGF2alpha, PGE2, and PGD2. The role of prostaglandins, including PGD2, suggests that elevated levels of PGD2 may be associated with hair loss.

Method

The gel is processed to remove any insoluble parts, such as leaf pulp or latex. This step is important to obtain an ultra-purified grade of aloe vera gel.

Abstract

Astragalus membranaceus is a prominent Chinese medicinal plant widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for diverse therapeutic applications. Its essential pharmacological activities are attributed to the presence of various active phytochemicals.

Key pharmacological activities associated with Astragalus include oxidative stress reduction, antiviral properties, immunomodulation, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

The medicinal use of Astragalus membranaceus primarily involves the utilization of its dried root, which is typically harvested between four to seven years of age. Age-specific harvesting is crucial to ensure the optimal concentration of bioactive compounds.

Oxidative stress reduction

The dried root extract of Astragalus membranaceus has demonstrated a notable ability to inhibit oxidative stress by sustaining the activity of superoxide dismutase. This mechanism plays a crucial role in reducing the formation of free radicals, implicated in various pathological conditions, aging, and age-related chronic diseases.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific evidence supporting the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of Astragalus membranaceus.

Immunomodulatory effect

This paper focuses on the ability of Astragalus membranaceus to modulate the immune response by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines.

The suppression of inflammatory cytokines is crucial in mitigating the initial events of the inflammatory process, where the release of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress, characterized by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a pivotal role.

The potential activity of Astragalus membranaceus extract as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent has been widely demonstrated in vivo studies.

Method

The extraction methods for harnessing therapeutic components from Astragalus involve various techniques, with the most common being water, alcohol, or other solvents.

Water-based extraction at low temperatures is our preferred method, prioritizing the preservation of the highest quality constituents. The use of alcohol-based extraction is scrutinized due to concerns about solvent residues that could compromise the overall quality of the extract.

Abstract

Argan oil is often praised for its potential benefits for the hair and scalp. The specific effects of argan oil on the scalp, especially in the context of conditions such as dandruff and reducing itchiness, are already well known. The components in argan oil, including polyphenols, may possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially helping to reduce inflammation associated with conditions like dandruff.

The moisturizing properties of argan oil may help in nourishing dry skin on the scalp, reducing flakiness, and providing relief from itching.

Argan oil is indeed known for being rich in antioxidants and its potential regenerating actions against free radicals. The neutralization of free radicals by antioxidants is crucial in preventing oxidative damage.

Method

Argan oil is indeed derived from the first cold press of the seeds of the Argan tree (Argania spinosa), which is native to Morocco.

Abstract

Burdock root (Arctium lappa), a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, is renowned for its therapeutic properties, particularly in promoting scalp and hair health.

The root’s anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties help address common scalp issues such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and irritation, creating an optimal environment for hair growth.

Therapeutic Properties for Scalp and Hair

1. Promotes Hair Growth:
   • Burdock root is rich in essential nutrients like vitamins A, B, C, and E, which support hair follicle health and stimulate growth.
   • Improves blood circulation to the scalp, ensuring hair follicles receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.
2. Inhibition of Inflammatory Pathways:
   • Compounds like arctigenin and flavonoids suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
   • Reduces the activation of NF-κB, a protein complex that drives inflammation.
3. Reduces Hair Loss:
   • The presence of phytosterols and fatty acids strengthens hair follicles, reducing breakage and hair fall.
   • Prevents inflammation-related hair loss by soothing the scalp.
4. Treats Scalp Conditions:
   • Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties help manage scalp conditions such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and scalp psoriasis.
   • Removes excess oil and unclogs hair follicles, promoting a clean and healthy scalp.
5. Detoxifies the Scalp:
   • Acts as a natural detoxifier, removing toxins and environmental buildup from the scalp.
   • Helps balance the scalp’s pH, promoting a healthy environment for hair growth.

Method

Burdock root is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds like inulin, essential fatty acids, tannins, and polyphenols, making it highly versatile for scalp and hair care. Below are several extraction methods tailored for different applications:

1. Decoction (Water-Based Extraction)

Best For: Scalp rinses, teas, and compresses.

2. Oil Infusion

Best For: Scalp massages and deep conditioning.

3. Tincture (Alcohol-Based Extraction)

Best For: Long-lasting, concentrated extracts for scalp and general health.

Abstract

The Blue Orchid has immense therapeutic potential and has been used since ancient times in Ayurvedic medicine, rooted in ancient Indian traditions. Blue Orchid, is a prominent component of Ayurvedic pharmacopeia, has been traditionally employed to address inflammatory conditions.

The Blue Orchid (Vanda coerulea),  a species of orchid prized for its beauty and medicinal properties, contains various bioactive compounds that contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. Research on orchids reveals that their therapeutic benefits are largely attributed to phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals.

Method

The Blue Orchid is primarily found in the tropical forests of Asia and Australia.

The most prevalent methodologies employed in the extraction of its bioactive compounds and phytochemical content involve using aqueous solvent mixtures or water alone with low heating. The integration of low heating in the extraction process is emphasized to preserve the integrity of delicate phytochemicals while optimizing yield.

Abstract

Grape seeds are known to contain polyphenols, including procyanidins, which possess antioxidant properties. These polyphenols may work in conjunction with vitamins C and E to provide comprehensive antioxidant protection. The presence of vitamins C and vitamins E in grape seeds contributes to their overall antioxidant capacity.

Grape seeds contain various forms of vitamin E, including alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol:

Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in grape seeds enhance the antioxidant capacity; alpha-tocopherol is valued for high bioavailability and effective free radical scavenging, while gamma-tocopherol, though less common in supplements, is noted for unique antioxidant mechanisms and overall health promotion.

Method

Grape seed oil is frequently obtained through a method known as cold-pressing, wherein the oil extraction process involves pressing grape seeds to release and collect the oil, a technique that is preferred for its ability to preserve the oil’s natural characteristics and nutritional qualities.

Abstract

There is evidence that, when combined, Green Nettle root and Saw Palmetto berries can reduce the activity of the 5-Alpha-Reductase enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of Testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is a more potent form of testosterone and is associated with conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness.

The Role of 5-Alpha-Reductase:

5-alpha-reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to DHT. This reaction occurs in various tissues, including the prostate, hair follicles, and skin.

Androgenetic Alopecia:

In male-pattern baldness, the role of DHT in hair follicle miniaturization is significant. Since 1995, we have been working with Green Nettle and Saw Palmetto to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase and reduce DHT levels, and we have obtained very positive results.

1. Green Nettle (Urtica dioica):
   • Green Nettle is a plant that has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes.
   • It is rich in nutrients and compounds, including vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids.
   • Some studies suggest that Green Nettle may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
2. Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens):
   • Saw Palmetto is a plant often used for prostate health.
   • It has been researched in the context of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and may help reduce symptoms such as frequent urination.

Method

The use of Green Nettle root and Saw Palmetto berries are processed through a specific water-based fermentation process.

Abstract

Antioxidant-rich, Rooibos is abundant in flavonoids that promote vascularization of blood vessels. It also helps prevent the hardening of hair collagen fibers.

Method

Obtained from the albedo, the white substrate found underneath the orange and lemon peel.

Several extraction methods can be used.

• Maceration: This involves soaking the ground albedo in the chosen solvent for an extended period.
• Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE): Utilizing ultrasound waves to enhance the efficiency of extraction.
• Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE): Using supercritical fluids (usually carbon dioxide) for extraction.
• Filtration: After extraction, the mixture is often filtered to remove solid particles and obtain a solution containing flavonoids.

Abstract

Juniperus communis is valued for its therapeutic effects on scalp and hair health. Its antifungal and antibacterial properties help combat dandruff and scalp infections, while its antioxidant activity promotes a healthy scalp environment by reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, Juniperus communis stimulates circulation, potentially supporting hair growth and strengthening hair follicles.

• Combat Dandruff and Scalp Infections:
  
  • Juniperus communis is renowned for its ability to address common scalp concerns. Its antifungal and antibacterial properties effectively combat dandruff, soothe irritation, and help prevent scalp infections, promoting a healthier and more balanced scalp environment.
• Anti-Fungal Properties:
  • Juniperus communis is known for its potent antifungal activity, making it effective against fungal infections commonly found on the scalp, such as Malassezia, a leading cause of dandruff. Its natural compounds inhibit fungal growth, reduce irritation, and help restore the scalp’s balance, creating a healthier environment for hair and skin.
• Free Radical-Scavenging Properties:
  • Juniperus communis is rich in antioxidants that act as potent free radical scavengers. These compounds neutralize oxidative stress, a key factor in scalp aging and hair follicle damage.

Method

The bioactive compounds of Juniperus communis are typically extracted using the following methods:

1. Steam Distillation:
   • Used to obtain essential oil from the berries, leaves, and twigs.
   • This method preserves the aromatic and medicinal properties, making it ideal for antifungal and antibacterial applications in scalp and hair care.
2. Solvent Extraction:
   • Employed to extract specific phytochemicals, such as antioxidants and flavonoids.
   • Suitable for creating concentrated extracts used in therapeutic and cosmetic formulations.
3. Cold Pressing:
   • Utilized for extracting oils from the berries.
   • Retains nutrients and is commonly used in formulations for scalp hydration and nourishment.
4. Ethanol or Methanol Extraction:
   • A common method for research purposes, focusing on isolating active compounds like phenolics and terpenes.
   • Produces extracts with high antioxidant and free radical-scavenging properties.

The choice of extraction method depends on the intended application, ensuring the desired bioactive compounds are preserved for maximum efficacy.

Abstract

Lavender (Lavandula) is a popular aromatic herb known for its various medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and free radical-scavenging activities, all substantiated by therapeutic benefits.

• Antioxidant Properties:
  • Lavender containing compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenes that exhibit potent antioxidant activity.
  • Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals in the body, which can contribute to oxidative stress and various health issues.
• Anti-Fungal Properties:
  • Lavender oil has been studied for its anti-fungal properties, making it effective against various fungal infections.
  • Compounds like linalool and linalyl acetate in lavender contribute to its anti-fungal activity.
• Anti-Bacterial Properties:
  • Lavender has demonstrated antibacterial effects against a range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.
  • The essential oils of lavender are particularly rich in antibacterial compounds.
• Free Radical-Scavenging Properties:
  • Lavender’s antioxidant components contribute to its ability to scavenge free radicals, protecting cells from damage.
  • Free radical-scavenging activity is crucial for preventing various chronic diseases and supporting overall health.

Method

Lavender essential oil is typically obtained through steam distillation, and both the flowers and leaves of the lavender plant are utilized in this extraction. Steam distillation is a widely used method for extracting essential oils from aromatic plants.

Abstract

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has a long history of medicinal use and is recognized for its therapeutic properties, being widely employed as a drug worldwide. The root contains 5%–10% Glycyrrhizin, a sweet-tasting substance that is a key component contributing to its various health benefits. Additionally, Glycyrrhetic Acid, derived from Glycyrrhizin, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Licorice is also used to treat skin irritation, acne, and sunburn.

Anti-inflammatory Properties: Licorice exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that may help soothe the scalp and reduce irritation. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with conditions such as dandruff or an itchy scalp.

DHT Inhibition: Licorice has been investigated for its potential to inhibit dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone associated with hair loss. By blocking DHT, licorice may contribute to preventing hair thinning and loss.

Method

Various extraction methods, such as alcohol  extraction, cold press extraction or steam distillation, are employed to isolate Glycyrrhizin from licorice roots. We use steam distillation method.

Alcohol Extraction (Tincture): Licorice can be extracted using alcohol, typically ethanol or methanol. The root is soaked in the alcohol, allowing it to dissolve the bioactive compounds. After a period, the liquid is separated and concentrated to form a tincture.

Cold-Press Extraction: For obtaining licorice oil, cold-press extraction involves mechanically pressing the licorice seeds to release the oil. This method is often used for obtaining essential oils.

Steam Distillation (Hydrodistillation): This method involves passing steam through the licorice roots to extract the volatile components. The steam carrying the extracted compounds is then condensed, resulting in a liquid that separates into water and essential oil.

Abstract

Mistletoe white berry (Viscum album) holds rich historical and cultural significance, having been used in various ancient civilizations, including the Celts and Greeks, for its perceived healing properties. Traditionally, mistletoe has been associated with a range of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

Mistletoe is reported to contain compounds with antioxidant properties, which may help neutralize free radicals in the body, protecting cells from oxidative stress and potential damage.

Method

Extraction Methods for Mistletoe Active Ingredients:

• Various extraction techniques, including solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, and other methods, are employed to isolate bioactive compounds from mistletoe.
• Optimization of extraction conditions, such as solvent selection, temperature, may influence the yield and purity of the extracted compounds.

Abstract

D-limonene and oxygenated monoterpenes are indeed the major compounds found in orange essential oil. They may help promote blood flow in the scalp, as both compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The Polymethoxylated Flavone, this compound is found in the peel (flavedo and albedo) of citrus fruits, it is a well known anti-inflammatory agent. The presence of bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins which has been well-documented.

Orange essential oil may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other botanical ingredients, potentially leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. There is evidence suggesting that interactions between different plant compounds can enhance their overall efficacy.

Method

Orange essential oil is extracted from the oil glands found in the outer peel of the fruit.

The extraction process involves mechanically pressing the orange peels to release the essential oil or using steam distillation. Both methods are preferred for citrus oils like orange essential oil because they do not involve heat, preserving the volatile compounds that contribute to the characteristic aroma and therapeutic properties of the oil.

• Mechanical Pressing:
  • Mechanical Pressing: Oranges are typically mechanically pressed to extract their juice. The fruit is cut in half, and the juice is squeezed out using pressure.

• Essential Oil Extraction:
  • Cold-Press Extraction: This method involves mechanically pressing the orange peel to release essential oils. Cold-pressing is commonly used for obtaining citrus essential oils, preserving the oil’s aroma and therapeutic properties.
  • Steam Distillation: Steam is passed through orange peels to release the essential oil. The steam, carrying the volatile compounds, is condensed, and the essential oil is separated.

Abstract

Peppermint (Mentha Piperita) promotes blood flow, protects the scalp from irritation, and keeps the hair clean for a longer period. It also provides a cooling sensation on the scalp.

Mentha piperita activates the TRPM8 receptors, promoting blood flow and metabolic activity. The activation of TRPM8 receptors by compounds found in Mentha piperita (peppermint) is indeed a well-documented physiological effect.

TRPM8 activation by menthol can lead to various physiological responses, including a cooling sensation, vasodilation (expansion of blood vessels), and increased blood flow to the scalp.

Method

Peppermint oil(Mentha piperita) is commonly extracted for its essential oil, which contains the characteristic menthol aroma and various bioactive compounds. The most common method for extracting peppermint essential oil is steam distillation.

Peppermint plants are harvested when the oil content is at its peak, typically just before flowering. Several extraction methods can be used, with the most common being steam distillation.

1. Steam Distillation:
   • Steam Distillation Apparatus: The peppermint leaves and stems are placed in a steam distillator, where the steam causes the essential oil to evaporate from the plant material.
   • Condensation: The steam, along with the essential oil vapor, is condensed back into a liquid.
   • Separation: The essential oil, which is lighter than water, floats on the water surface and can be separated.
2. Solvent Extraction:
   • In some cases, solvents like hexane can be used to dissolve essential oil from the plant material. After extraction, the solvent is evaporated, leaving behind the essential oil.
3. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE):
   • This advanced method uses supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a solvent to extract essential oils.
4. Hydrodistillation:
   • Similar to steam distillation, hydrodistillation uses water as the solvent. It is an older method but is still employed in certain situations.